In order to delineate the range of behaviors that can be considered aggressive workplace behaviors, researchers have developed schemes of classification for workplace aggression. Neuman and Baron (1998) offer these three dimensions that encompass the range of workplace aggression:

1. Expressions of hostility—behaviors that are primarily verbal or symbolic in nature.
2. Obstructionism—behaviors intended to hinder an employee from performing their job or the organization from accomplishing its objectives.
3. Overt aggression—violent acts.

Aggressive acts can take any possible combination of these three dichotomies. For example, failing to deny false rumors about a coworker would be classified as verbal-passive-indirect. Purposely avoiding the presence of a coworker you know is searching for your assistance could be considered physical-passive-direct.

Other researchers offer a classification system based on the aggressor’s relationship to the victim (Peek-Asa, Runyan, & Zwerling, 2001).

1. Criminal intent (Type I)—this type of aggression occurs when the aggressor has no relationship to the victim or organization.
2. Customer/client (Type II)—the aggressor has a relationship with the organization and aggresses while they are being served as a customer.
3. Worker on worker (Type III)—both the aggressor and the victim are employees in the same organization. Often, the aggressor is a subordinate, and the victim is a supervisor.
4. Personal relationship (Type IV)—the aggressor has a relationship with an employee at an organization, but not the organization itself. This category includes victims who are assaulted by a domestic partner while at work.

Psychological harassment
This is humiliating or abusive behaviour that lowers a person’s self-esteem or causes them torment. This can take the form of verbal comments, actions or gestures. Falling into this category is workplace mobbing. Community Based Harassment — stalking by a group against an individual using repeated distractions that the individual is sensitized to, such as clicking an ink pen.

Racial harassment
The targeting of an individual because of their race or ethnicity. The harassment may include words, deeds, and actions that are specifically designed to make the target feel degraded due to their race or ethnicity.

Typically the targeted individual is a subordinate, for example, a fraternity pledge, a first-year military cadet, or somebody who is considered 'inferior' or an 'outsider'.

Psychological abuse, also referred to as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another to behavior that is psychologically harmful. Such abuse is often associated with situations of power imbalance, such as , bullying, and in the workplace.

signs of verbal abuse :telling someone of a different race/ethnicity to get 'back to where they came from', being curt and unfriendly with someone (daily, all the time or frequently),
Focus on word definitions to derail a discussion. If one is trying to discuss an uncomfortable topic with a verbal abuser, the abuser will often focus on a particular word or set of words, disagree with how they were used in a sentence, usually assigning a new definition or intent to those words. The verbal abuser usually then claims a "knowledge" of the others intentions or motivation. The usual end result is that two to three sentences into an attempted discussion, the discussion is side-tracked into an argument as the other person attempts to explain and redefine what they meant. This can progress to the point the verbal abuser may insist that only they can determine the definition or intent of the other person's words. Once side-tracked the verbal abuser usually continues to reject any redefinition of words until the other person gets frustrated and gives up. The abuser has "won" the argument by avoiding discussion of the issue at hand.

Verbal abuse (also called reviling) is a form of abusive behavior involving the use of language. It is a form of profanity that can occur with or without the use of expletives. While oral communication is its most common form, verbal abuse may be expressed in the form of written word as well.

Verbal abuse is a pattern of behavior that can seriously interfere with a person's healthy emotional development. Regular exposure leads to significant detriment of a person's self-esteem, emotional well-being, and physical state.

Verbal abuse is best described as an ongoing emotional environment organized by the abuser for the purposes of control. The underlying factor in the dynamic of verbal abuse is the abuser’s low regard for him or herself. As the abuser fears not being "good enough" and/ or meeting public expectations, the abuser attempts to place their victim in a position to believe similar things about him or herself - a type of warped projection.

Reports of verbal and emotional abuse indicate that it frequently occurs in romantic relationships between men and women, where women are generally reported as the victims.^[1][2] However, verbal abuse may occur to any person of any gender, race, culture, sexual orientation, or age.

Typically, verbal abuse increases in intensity over time and often escalates into physical abuse as well.^{[citation needed]}

During intense verbal abuse, the victim usually suffers from low self-worth and low self-esteem. As a result, victims may fall into clinical depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Verbal abuse, despite showing no visible proof, is nonetheless damaging.

Despite the fact that it is the most common type of abuse, verbal abuse is generally not taken as seriously as other forms of abuse. However, in reality; moderate to severe cases of verbal abuse (in which the victim is under constant attack, especially a child) is even more detrimental to a person's health than physical abuse.

Verbal abuse starting from a young age contributes to inferiority complex, machismo attitudes, and many other negative behaviors that plague many people into adulthood.

People who feel they are being attacked by a verbal abuser on a regular basis should seek professional counsel and remove themselves from the negative environment whenever possible. Staying around verbal abusers is damaging for a person's overall well-being, and all steps to change the situation should be pursued. Children may become victims of verbal abuse, also called school violence bullying.

forum discussion

He was deployed to Sasebo, Japan on 8/4/08. He called me last night, stated they have him on "suicide watch", and he has been to see a psychiatrist. He said the psychiatrist stated he has major depression since being away from home, and he is recommending an "administrative discharge". My son doesn't want to come home, but said it is out of his hands and is up to the commanding officer. Is anyone familiar with this? Is it the same as a medical discharge? My son said it would not be a dishonarable discharge, but he and I are both upset because we had such high hopes for him in the Navy. He did excellent in both boot camp and A school, so this has me floored. Is there anything I can do? Any way I can put any input? My son never had this problem before, so I want to make sure they are making the right decision before booting him out. Please help!!!!

What is abuse of authority?

Abuse of authority and position is an arbitrary or capricious exercise of power by a military member, federal official or employee that injures or adversely affects the rights of a subordinate by tyrannical, careless or capricious conduct or continuous and/or severe abusive language.

Abuse of position includes a wide range of subjects such as improper use of title/position/rank (see Ethics). Abuse of position may involve discrimination, i.e., creation of a hostile work environment, see Equal Employment.

Military Members: Many complaints are best addressed within the chain of command. For example, complaints of wrongs may be handled through the Division or Command Master Chief, Division or Department Head, Commanding Officer's Request Mast, NAVREGS Article 1150 (Redress of Wrong Committed by a Superior), UCMJ Article 138 (Complaint of Wrongs Against the Commanding Officer). Before filing an Article 138 or 1150, we recommend you consult with a Legal Officer or Judge Advocate.

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What are the applicable statutes and regulations applicable to military members?

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 8, Article 802, The Commanding Officer, Responsibility of the Commanding Officer

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 10, Article 1023, Precedence, Authority and Command. Persons in authority are forbidden to injure their subordinates by tyrannical or capricious conduct, or by abusive language.

U.S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 11, Article 1111, Pecuniary Dealings with Enlisted Persons

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 11, Article 1131, Requirement of Exemplary Conduct

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 11, Article 1151, and OPNAVINST 3120.32C, Section 510.59 set forth the basic regulations for processing of request mast for military personnel.

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 11, Article 1150 (Redress of Wrong Committed by a Superior) and Manual of the Judge Advocate General, Chapter 3 (Complaint of Wrongs Against the Commanding Officer)

Joint Ethics Regulation, DoD 5500-R, Chapter 2, Section 3, 2‑304, Use of Military Title by Retirees or Reserves

Uniformed Code of Military Justice, Article 138, Complaint of Wrongs Against the Commanding Officer

5 C.F.R. § 2635.701 through 2635.705

, Misuse of Position

DoD Directive 7050.6,

Jeremy Boorda Memorial

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Jeremy Boorda

Remembering an Angel:
Military Hero Jeremy Borda

by Kevin Caruso

The nation's top Navy officer, Admiral Jeremy Boorda, died by suicide on May 16, 1996, by a self-inflicted gunshot wound. He was 56.

Admiral Boorda was the first enlisted sailor to become the Chief of Naval Operations, a position he obtained on April 23, 1994.

Admiral Boorda was distraught because someone claimed that he was not authorized to wear two valor medals.

The issue seemed to be trivial. But for Admiral Boorda, it was a serious matter. So serious, that shortly before he was to meet with the Washington bureau chief of Newsweek magazine, which was working on a story about the medals, he shot himself.

Former Admiral Elmo Zumwalt came forward the next day and indicated that he personally authorized Admiral Boorda to wear the medals.

There really was no controversy. And even if Admiral Boorda was somehow in error, it certainly would not seem like a big deal to most people.

But how most people feel is not relevant.

Each person reacts to problems in his or her own way. And when someone is depressed, he or she cannot possibly think clearly.

Most probably, Admiral Boorda was suffering from depression, and the "medal incident" pushed him over the edge.

But aren't people in the military strong? Aren't they trained to deal with stress? He was the Chief of Naval Operations -- How could he die by suicide?

Admiral Boorda was very strong, and very well trained, and from all accounts, deserved to be the Chief of Naval Operations. But he was also human. And anyone can die by suicide.

Just because someone is in the military or holds a powerful position does not make him or her immune from depression or suicidal thoughts or actions.

He was not weak. He was strong. He did not have a character flaw. He most probably suffered from depression and did not receive treatment.

People who die by suicide are not weak. The have a mental illness. Being weak and being ill are two very different things.

He was indeed a very strong person. And he received very high praise from many prominent individuals after he died.

Defense Secretary William Perry called Admiral Boorda "a sailor's sailor," and said, "At every stage of his career he put the interests of sailors and their families first."

Navy Secretary John Dalton said that Admiral Boorda was an outstanding leader and "he was loved by the people of the Navy, officer and enlisted alike."

Army General John Shalikashvili, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said, "The Navy has lost a great Captain. I and so many others who have served beside him have lost a great friend."

Admiral Boorda is survived by his wife, Bettie, and four children.

What happened to Admiral Boorda could happen to anyone. Anyone.

If you are depressed or feel suicidal, then you need to get help.

Untreated depression is the number cause for suicide. So if you are depressed, please take action.

If you are suicidal you can call 911 or 1-800-SUICIDE.

Please get help. Get into counseling. Do whatever you need to do to get better.

And remember that depression is highly treatable. The vast majority of people who are treated for depression get better.

Depression is a medical condition that needs to be treated, just like any other medical condition.

So, if you need help, please get it now.

What is abuse of authority?

Abuse of authority and position is an arbitrary or capricious exercise of power by a military member, federal official or employee that injures or adversely affects the rights of a subordinate by tyrannical, careless or capricious conduct or continuous and/or severe abusive language.

Abuse of position includes a wide range of subjects such as improper use of title/position/rank (see Ethics). Abuse of position may involve discrimination, i.e., creation of a hostile work environment, see Equal Employment.

Military Members: Many complaints are best addressed within the chain of command. For example, complaints of wrongs may be handled through the Division or Command Master Chief, Division or Department Head, Commanding Officer's Request Mast, NAVREGS Article 1150 (Redress of Wrong Committed by a Superior), UCMJ Article 138 (Complaint of Wrongs Against the Commanding Officer). Before filing an Article 138 or 1150, we recommend you consult with a Legal Officer or Judge Advocate.

---

What are the applicable statutes and regulations applicable to military members?

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 8, Article 802, The Commanding Officer, Responsibility of the Commanding Officer

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 10, Article 1023, Precedence, Authority and Command. Persons in authority are forbidden to injure their subordinates by tyrannical or capricious conduct, or by abusive language.

U.S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 11, Article 1111, Pecuniary Dealings with Enlisted Persons

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 11, Article 1131, Requirement of Exemplary Conduct

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 11, Article 1151, and OPNAVINST 3120.32C, Section 510.59 set forth the basic regulations for processing of request mast for military personnel.

U. S. Navy Regulations, Chapter 11, Article 1150 (Redress of Wrong Committed by a Superior) and Manual of the Judge Advocate General, Chapter 3 (Complaint of Wrongs Against the Commanding Officer)

Joint Ethics Regulation, DoD 5500-R, Chapter 2, Section 3, 2‑304, Use of Military Title by Retirees or Reserves

Uniformed Code of Military Justice, Article 138, Complaint of Wrongs Against the Commanding Officer

5 C.F.R. § 2635.701 through 2635.705

, Misuse of Position

DoD Directive 7050.6,

Abuse of authority and position is an arbitrary or capricious exercise of power by a military member, federal official or employee that injures or adversely affects the rights of a subordinate by tyrannical, careless or capricious conduct or continuous and/or severe abusive language.

Abuse of position includes a wide range of subjects such as improper use of title/position/rank (see Ethics). Abuse of position may involve discrimination, i.e., creation of a hostile work environment, see Equal Employment.

Military Members: Many complaints are best addressed within the chain of command. For example, complaints of wrongs may be handled through the Division or Command Master Chief, Division or Department Head, Commanding Officer's Request Mast, NAVREGS Article 1150 (Redress of Wrong Committed by a Superior), UCMJ Article 138 (Complaint of Wrongs Against the Commanding Officer). Before filing an Article 138 or 1150, we recommend you consult with a Legal Officer or Judge Advocate.

as noted in UCMJ
theft of government
property
Abusive, intentional or improper use of government
resources. Examples include misuse of rank, position,
or authority or

Abuse/misuse of
authority/ power/position Abuse of authority/power/position is an arbitrary or
capricious exercise of power by a military member,
federal official or employee that injures or adversely
affects the rights of a subordinate by tyrannical,
careless or capricious conduct or continuous and/or
severe abusive language or that results in personal gain
or advantage to themselves. Misuse of position
includes a wide range of subjects such as improper use
of title/ position/rank (see Ethics). If the abuse of
position involves discrimination; i.e., creates a hostile
work environment, see Equal Opportunity.

What do the 'listing' and 'let search engines find your blog' settings do?

What do the 'listing' and 'let search engines find your blog' settings do?

I just wanted to bring to light the abuse of power in the US Navy. I've been discriminated against because of my race, my hair texture, and my sex (female) this is not just for navy people or women, this is for anyone in the military that has been verbally or physically abused in any us military branch and has had to suffer with the effects whether noted medically or not. I will keep a daily journal of the happenings at my job.